成都日记13：龙宗智的司法改革之谈
<P>这是一次无意中遇到的讲座，原因是课堂的临时转移。当远在东莞的法院干警远来川大听龙宗智教授的讲座时，我遇到了，自然不能无视。讲座从我到时一直讲到了下午5点，大概两个半小时。我虽然迟到，中间亦有外出，但几乎听到了整个过程。</P><P><BR>其中，药家鑫案、湖南零陵枪杀案、王立军事件、李庄案、黄松有案、刑诉法新修、唐福珍自焚案等等近年热门案件，龙宗智教授都有提及。讲座虽并未涉及太深，但对司法改革的态度却十分鲜明。本来是全程录音了的，但实在是不巧，软件出了问题，录音并未保存下来。</P>
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<P>不过也好，因为其中有些话题可能还是过于敏感，原本也是不打算公开上传的。下面只是大体对讲座的要目所做的纪录，但并不完整，原因上面有说。如果对某些话题感兴趣，熟识的朋友可以再找我详谈。不多赘言。</P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0in; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">中国的司法改革与司法建设——龙宗智</P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0in; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri" lang=en-US>2012.03.16</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun" lang=zh-CN>望江校区模拟法庭（逸夫科技馆）东莞政法干警培训班</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0in; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"> </P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0in; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">一、中国的司法改革的三个阶段</P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0in; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri" lang=en-US>1.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun" lang=zh-CN>文革结束、改革开放到上世纪九十年代中期</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0in; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri" lang=en-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun" lang=zh-CN>主要任务是拨乱反正，建立与社会主义法制相适应的司法制度</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0in; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri" lang=en-US>2.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun" lang=zh-CN>从</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri" lang=en-US>97</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun" lang=zh-CN>年党的十五大提出司法体制改革开始，到……</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0in; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri" lang=en-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun" lang=zh-CN>特点：</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0in; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri" lang=en-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun" lang=zh-CN>部门为主，较为分散，各自为政，外冷内热</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0in; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri" lang=en-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun" lang=zh-CN>比较强调回归司法规律。较为重要的改革措施：一是修改刑事诉讼法，调整刑事诉讼机制，二是实行统一司法考试，三是</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri" lang=en-US>2007</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun" lang=zh-CN>年收回死刑复核权</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0in; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri" lang=en-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun" lang=zh-CN>上下结合，尤其是草根司法推动了改革。如简化审判程序，注塑检察官制度等。</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0in; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri" lang=en-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun" lang=zh-CN>后期趋于停滞</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0in; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri" lang=en-US>3.2008</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun" lang=zh-CN>年底，中央司法体制改革方案下发执行后</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0in; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri" lang=en-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun" lang=zh-CN>特点：</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0in; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri" lang=en-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun" lang=zh-CN>中共中央意见部署了</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri" lang=en-US>4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun" lang=zh-CN>个方面，</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri" lang=en-US>60</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun" lang=zh-CN>项改革任务。</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0in; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri" lang=en-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun" lang=zh-CN>新一轮的特点：</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0in; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri" lang=en-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun" lang=zh-CN>其一，集中统一进行，以中央政法委为中心，四个方面</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri" lang=en-US>60个</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun" lang=zh-CN>任务，先方案后实践，自上而下，步调一致，注重落实，高度集中统一</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0in; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri" lang=en-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun" lang=zh-CN>其二，</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri" lang=en-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun" lang=zh-CN>涉及政府工作方方面面，但重点在工作机制而非体制、结构。</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0in; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri" lang=en-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun" lang=zh-CN>其三，强调社会主义法治理念对司法改革和司法工作的指导作用。</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0in; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri" lang=en-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun" lang=zh-CN>其四，改革指导思想上，强调加强监督，以维护司法公正。</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0in; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"> </P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0in; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">二、近年来司法改革的重点内容</P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0in; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">（一）贯彻宽严相济的刑事政策</P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0in; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri" lang=en-US>1.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun" lang=zh-CN>将宽严相济作为基本刑事政策</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0in; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun" lang=zh-CN>（</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri" lang=en-US>1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun" lang=zh-CN>）我国刑事政策的调整</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0in; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">缘由：反思严打，体现和谐社会构建的需求</P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0in; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"> </P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0in; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun" lang=zh-CN>（</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri" lang=en-US>2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun" lang=zh-CN>）贯彻有一定困难</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0in; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">亦宽亦严的区别对待、相济互补的协调平衡、宽字为先的谦抑原则……？</P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0in; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">界限如何把握：</P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0in; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">打击体制之下，贯彻宽严相济有困难</P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0in; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"> </P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0in; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri" lang=en-US>2.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun" lang=zh-CN>借用恢复性司法理念。刑事和解制度得以推行</SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0in; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">（二）</P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0in; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri" lang=en-US>2.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun" lang=zh-CN>简易程序发挥作业，诉讼效率得到提高，</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0in; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">简易程序与普通程序简化审理</P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0in; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"> </P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0in; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri" lang=en-US>3.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun" lang=zh-CN>推动一系列制度和程序的改革</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0in; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">建立案例指导制度，推动司法公开等。</P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0in; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"> </P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0in; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">（三）新证据规则</P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0in; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"> </P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0in; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">（四）贯彻调解优先，建立大调解格局，重视矛盾纠纷化解</P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0in; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">适应转型期矛盾纠纷突出的特点与建构和谐社会的需求，强调调解为先，诸调联动。</P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0in; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"> </P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0in; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">注意的问题</P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0in; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">社会的法治需求，建立规则意识和行为可预期性的需要</P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0in; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">注意区别地区、层级、案件性质</P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0in; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">注意自愿原则，诉讼效率、程序要求</P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0in; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">注意法院与当事人的关系的把握，联动而不混同</P>
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