d157077347 发表于 2009-2-2 19:17:49

浬蕨履?昑?埼?令??ぅ??薑?埼攣屢??甘?

  ???埼鱗槨寧蘆?亮????駕、糠埼??朧近?茄竟???????,??壇?痂?鱗槨??令????黨侶?狂痙,鮫??欺?瞳宮???珂?????唐?貸????鬧。??亶?欺諒??瞳19各?豆?鄧?茄竟???埼???溝隣???℉?杯?font color=red style='font-size:9pt'>,鮫??蘆?欺廖鱗????眸蒡????埼?寧???狂痙。?菱?各?60??鹿?,踞淪????離??牘???“攣????埼??”??苧肉ふ?в???傷な?都ネ???焞?譎櫻?棨?壎????埼”侶?淃?埼覩橙?昑醴?雷屢?契?鋼,唐????埼?令狂痙?桔?磊?多????路柬。?80????90???,侶蘆桔??槨??欺??埼?欺?寧???,?侶蘆桔???????羚橙角??欺諒??薑?“?埼攣屢”??。ぅ

      
    ???·??薑(Michael D·Bayles)槨??????鹵??欺粱欺?竿,鹿?瞳????櫓???欺桔??壙?。瞳?埼攣屢桔???,儉繫??亶?欺諒20岱???唐?桔????悧?,????????契??鋼?,瓊??溝固?“?埼攣屢”??。?亮亶?欺諒???(D·J·Galligan)???,攣角繫???薑???,寧蘆瞳??欺櫓欖唐路狼?貫?履?昑?埼??????嵐;??薑瞳侶????窘璃鹿宅?欺諒??宮瓊??。??薑唐????埼狂痙???鱗角《???覩橙――寧?????驕》?《?埼攣屢――??黨??》。?諒繫???埼?、覲?、?谿?、?????????驕,瓊???????埼?寧?覩橙??令?硫。?諒橙?寧?雷屢?溝????埼?契?????令?驕,?櫓竟君???薑瞳?埼攣屢狂痙?溝?作蚌?鐸*?

      
    ?匡?鹿亶?離?30?鹿??埼?令????嵐槨??,???薑??埼攣屢??隣?狼???甁股?贅<咆楣坰誌陪?作輩剝拈險遲??燭¤田Х???埼菱?玆?フ虧同???煙匈襪但Я?????芻???瀯?然璞?鷗ぱ君巒??襪?洋小坰咫?芻??坰津佑思桶櫻??豺址д宿笭踊甁股?寢?牟??乖????埼?令???路劤???唐寧???????鱗痰。ぅ

      
    寧、 ??薑???欺減??ぅ

      
    ???瀯巢????令?鹿?槨??????:攣屢???。?諒???屢???轟??,?劍寧殮??谿?瀯巢?塏?踏し??齡?杰狼茄君??瞳?令?拳。?諒角寧蘆轟?????令,????????肝昑?軀?裴近せ疹???壎?棹D??г朴??坰誌陪?作滂?棘??汝Т察煬求然璞??靈J????ブ?米???埼???昑,???埼?黨近??????諒茄嘉茄竟??唐痰昑,寮蠟??埼杰??骸?昭蹊?堧??培鮟壎?淘?潺?J?唇ブ?米???埼?攣屢昑,???埼??瞳??昑,寮蠟????埼??玆?フ虧纛???鴉陪?萎?G?狀?繩??こ坰芝?翔桶鶯Ш懺祥知??こ坰知??桶兩畛衫勳擎契?桶櫻*?

      
    ??鄧??埼??寮屢??隣???昑??甘。儉????櫓竟君瞳?黨?纘鬼ぁび?鰐?倞?纘鬼ぁこ坰紙?撈蚩區U宿聆作謗?鹿??槨????:(1)?纘剋錚??殮???瞳黨茄君???攣?昑?硫?昑,?攣?????刊痰?綠??聯??慤茄?句??)?埼?鱗槨杰館“?橄?”,怜瞳劍唐燎黨獵契茄竟????苟??唐????假С坰紙???高朴拍款?攣??????;(3)攣????――??茄竟??攣?刊痰――怜唐瞳???杰館“??覩橙”???苟????聯?,???覩橙杰狼??橙角“?聯離??鑒??離?妗?”>Gerald .Postema,The Principle of Utility and the Law of Procedure:Bentham's Theory of judication .>?銶致壎繩勺嘆П峠牀陪筠?纘均坰疹桶な??豚???藥???澁搢伶誇Ф斃???藥??玆??桓嘗???璡朴閔?隷寒??箏搾線煇綱?箏僭恬!?б祗糠坰脂??然美夏芬?高朴謐?輝?藥?遍鵝撻晩小?╂祜?橙。鞫?,????唐??????攣?昑鹿棍??埼?令狂痙近??九??街,????埼攣?昑???冷???督???覩橙。ぅ

      
    ????埼?令????橄黨?菊?輜?棨U宿羚偏沌?搭坰脂?蓆憧閔?藥???蛟??崍??、???埼菱?瓷??陪??滂視昞?????捉?添?4蛋??哭根撲纛?С坰芝?翔桶陽裳ざ幣?湯???埼矜狼痰?劍棍瞳?令鱗槨????????硫。??????????????角瞳侶蘆??苟??骸?*?

      
    ??????角???驕?欺?繫????槻樓??頓痰黨???埼??驕?瓊??。鱗槨侶寧欺?????膠,??欺諒?薑??槨,離?掘????慕??茄嘉??櫓?????角????雍????埼珂杰壇???路狼?令,冷角鱇???杰壇????令??。槨?茄君侶寧?令,?蘆????壇???名????鄲??,?瞳??茄嘉??櫓杰?????栗都,???????降??????;?角?轎??,?譚黨?牘隣??轎??????骸?桿??朞6韜???埼?契???驕?寧???瞳黨?????埼?鱇?????離?掘?????銶痴?羚?????悧?。?薑?頓痰侶蘆???寧溝??埼???契??驕,?聯?得?、???磎?纘筠??形??倫?可???,??。???薑????懃陶???斤菱綠綠?陶????寮屢,?角儉??驕??????埼??寮屢???,凜槨儉????埼????貫瞳茄君?寧棍瞳??令,怜??侶??棍瞳?令?疼角茄君茄竟?,?角?獨鱇??????。

      
    ??????角譚亶?欺諒?怪?瓊??。宅??寮屢????????谿,???????槨,瞳????雍??佇???埼珂,壇?離?掘????慕??茄嘉櫓?????。狼?????隣??九???,?伎?劍宅杰館?“????”????。??,瞳覲慤?纘橘勳擎叫б?灝捨顫??偵塘??離老肝??轎??鯉?覲慤??,侶??????寮狼角譚覲???轎茄嘉、轟鯉諒??轎?尻??掉?凜羹多??栗都??;????角寧譚黨?轎???轟?諒杰????攣屢。???????革?珉綱??滸昞???,凜槨??寧??壇?????角??攣???儉。繫?????侶寧??,?怪??督????驕??,瞳???埼櫓多???????。瞳?怪???,狼廬攣權唐寧淃茄竟昑??(??肝?轎?鯉???),??伎?燎黨??淃??――?埼昑??。瞳侶?,?埼昑??宅茄竟昑????鄕愷?逞は??朴遊?竪?瓠烟橘巒?『龜?∑?然楣坰津焞?滎б榛ふ袖征?爾?????襁┌??黨?唐??????肝???,侶?????骸??襁┧奸授Ф布?懃??昞???襁┻?疆?脘こ坰振溝?U區5?笭醍?疏杯?Ю肉な?瀁?滎С坰知U矩必?銶??老????角覩橙狂痙,凜槨??唐?景??埼?崍?狼?瞳侶珂菓???????>R.Dworkin,A Matter of Principle,Oxford:Clarendon Press,1985,pp.73-103.>。ぅ

      
    ??,瞳??寮屢??、?????????????櫓,???埼??柬槨痰鹿茄君?蘆棍瞳??????癎?,???埼?攣?昑冷怜瞳?杰?唐?近???????????聯?。??蘆?????瓊?、??????茄嘉???攣?昑,?怪????橙瓊????茄嘉??櫓?攣屢狂痙,??攣???茄竟昑???權唐諒,賈侶蘆??繫?供???坰紙??U區5ナ?У?笭槽虐??譎量??羊盧梶?戟昭縞筠??陽譎鶯Ф烹?????埼菱?玆?壎?棹;?餓??С坰畛譎糧奸夙楣坰芝?翔桶葯?作焙羊?芹??菌?℉忘??*?

      
    ???瞳??????????????君?谿珂,亶??粱欺?堵櫓冷?君?寧蘆桔??埼??瓷??陪????R?????杉擔路?ネ???焞?譎櫻?棨?壎????埼”?????,????埼??玆?フ虧牘鼓壎?督包僅降鷗こ衙令??練?小痴開??筠?坰畛譎揚作發F斡禁杵杉該棧鍍??評????坰誌陪??作?font color=red style='font-size:9pt'>??錦?吝拮??。侶硅????谿景?瞳黨,??槨???埼角槨?崍寧硅??黨??????埼?令procedural values)??雍??д髓?陪?勻傀濡?テ?獨?U玖致綱?舡准璪溝???佇乎麴髓?陪?????埼?諒??茄嘉?????近?攣????,?角?埼????攣?昑??凜???聯?,?角??黨?埼?????綽?廚乎灸?℉?坰畛譎掠萎?;?棟?,寧淃???埼?諒??茄嘉??角??唐攣?昑???昑,?角?劍??唐燎黨??俔煇??昭滎Ф斃??闊柄呪;????℉?樸靡陪?V?泊宿靈樸靡陪??????а?喪?塵澗鈒淏假е?鈒縞?Т袒?У???包僅腔撈贅S筠?筒????埼菱?芍必;?????緡瀯篠皺?作芳畢℃溝?譎凉陪?font color=red style='font-size:9pt'>,唐??槨角??菱???、???菱譚?令???吝拮,?唐?橙?槨角杰館“??柬槨??????癎?”???覩橙。??等,???埼菱?玆?フ爻?テ??舅瓷??踏び蹂坰晉汗げ許骸?昭灝賓巒???陪?е?檎髓?陪???U句???瓠譯蔬昞?坰識昭縞?幢?理?疆?珤昞?フ焄都酵Ъ?盞禁吐ひ?致羌扁??膠?諒膠?杰?矜?吝拮。瞳冀?欺諒??,???埼鱗槨茄君?攣???癎?????令??路狼,?宅?埼攣屢?令宮?,怜??黨??貫。唐?欺諒瞳???埼攣屢??浬???裂陶,鹿逞黨???宅??薑?????埼攣屢宮慨???:?????埼菱?茨陪???醴???茄嘉?????杰瞳,怜狼潾琦??攣、????埼,????柬槨角攣??。侶湳,??埼攣屢?桔??離老浬???欺?漣撈粱欺??堵,?迦?槨??粱欺?溝??寢罔ぱ棘?筐戍*?

      
    ??薑??埼攣屢???角侶蘆??苟??骸?T未?瑯???А?坰畛譎糧奸瘦庸?獵許瀯巢?糖値?旅?T珉塏?學翼??刃址П?汭惻七?底?竟??、???蛟、?搗、?撚鹿????荇寂叫Ф?惡鄕糠坰畛譎糧奸戍S?鰐?泊??宅????幸蠻さ?涌勅?С坰畛譎糧奸秀勅令?紈蕁???聃?江?????、?軻獵亮??????、茄嘉覲?,??逃??雷???朞?鹿????齡???,?唐寧??隣????????攣昑?契???狂痙。?鹿綱,瞳???憐???齡?櫓,?埼?黨寧蘆?懃??貫。??,“?饑?却??鹿??粱欺廖鱗??攣屢??槨???攣屢??攣?攣屢”,?“?埼?攣屢瞳侶寧??櫓?芻?б??裂???唐”。???埼櫓?攣屢狂痙鞫??粱欺??杰???。唐硅?欺廖鱗??冷?轢????埼??雍?股?滂?奸授Уニ豁?乏邙℉?鶴罕?????竟?狂痙,??夢瑾漑轢??埴鍍?坰畛譎揚作發2?酵П?瑯???妗祗箇位プ湘祉坰知??桶鶯Ф斃?逃峠森?╂縞桶揚作發∑??????????、?怪????????鹿???薑????埼?令???契?寧????履?,???嵐?寧蘆履?昑?埼?令??。ぅ

      
    ?、 ?????埼??令?硫ぅ

      
    ??薑看邱鹿??槨柬??驕????埼櫓??令狂痙。瞳儉??,???????藉高遣?淪劍杰狼茄君???寧???――??轢???君慤茄廬宮。?牘裂杰鹿狼??慤諒瓊????隣???,角凜槨劍?唐??轢??賈?。??,?賈??離老???,?据?寧????????槨儉壇???價据,覩、??裂???雷??弩??瞳。?寧??,??諒狼廬攣??撚綠??骸?筆甲Ь告望戮ハ仙巒???覩橙??橙攣???刊痰????慤茄?區5ト濚馨???慤茄廬宮????攣???刻,??諒?鹿隣????聯???唐轎,???賈杰刊痰???覩橙??橙角攣??,?牘弩?轟?賈轢???刊????。凜?,?黨??諒?喇,??轢???君慤茄廬宮,?角矜狼瞳????櫓供?????蛟。ぅ

      
    ??薑?街?,??轢???君廬宮??角???埼??茄竟?瞳??杰唐???悧??,鱗槨?????埼攣?昑??硫,劍??黨?蹶,轟?槨??瓊???鱗?????。谿珂,??宅????欺?谿,?君???廬茄??角劍?廓寧??。凜槨?君??廬茄??????,??宅??轢????唐珂?轟?溝。瞳唐硅??苟,??諒?雷????諒尻聆袒???鹿?槨唐槻???冀?轢????。譚???,狼????埼?攣?昑隣?刊????,?矜狼?雍?致天?淃?竟、????令?硫。ぅ

      
    ??薑瓊???寧??????埼??硫角宅??槻樓??唐??。儉???欺?溝???寧澗樓、尻?寧???溝覩?殮?頓痰黨????埼??驕。??薑俱澗??薑??桔???,????埼頓鱗??櫓矜狼尻???????槨“?轎??”?“殮???”????,?寧????埼??寧??竟??角離?掘????募鵲車???殮????悧?。ぅ

      
    ????薑冷????????驕????冀??累,??侶蘆???驕??角寧蘆杰館?“?寧?令??寮屢”,?儉????鱗槨?????埼膽??呵?寧淃?硫。儉寮蠟,?唐攣???譚,???壇藤??埼櫓?????。“瞳杰唐?儉???宮谿???苟,???懃??榴????唐攣???譚?短?????????角藤?,??侶蘆??角?轎???角殮???。”??薑瓊????淃?????埼??令?硫角宅“????”侶寧??唐??。儉俱澗??怪??桔???,瞳菱綠???櫓多??瀨?“??愆?”、“????”、“??愆?”、“????”???。?黨?怪????,??薑?裂槨“?路?令??寮屢”。宅?怪?寧湳,??薑冷銅谿侶湳寧蘆??:瞳?蘆?轎??裂櫓,??轟鯉諒狼??李唐鯉諒?????肝,??劍?杰??????????愆???。??,??薑??怪????冷唐杰??。儉?槨,????????宅??唐?,劍怜??角譚黨??茄君????鹿棍?????????,???唐獵契?????谿係??諒?黨??契槨?唐瓊????。????,??離?掘?????????????薑柬槨????雍????埼??令?硫。ぅ

      
    ??薑???鬧雷?,轟?角?????角????,?角繫??驕?????攣?宅??????埼?契???寧?。冷?角綱,刊痰侶?蘆????谿?瓊角??????埼杰??享疏滂?煇?憧勤宅??菌歐萎?<謨穎?簾坰晉泌許骸?疏背嗣寒?煇?祗鵲徵Р?少坪?鵲車???狂痙,?????????????????狼?????殮????連?。?亮劍????,“???壇???磎?纘筠?荇腥Ф布?鈗???寧畛三???儉?槨?????齡鱗??,??轢?”> Michael D.Bayles,Procedural Justice:Allocating to Individuals ,p.125.>。侶蘆??唐攣??????瞳寧硅??櫓?茄?瞳,唐硅?謹????芻?????騷檎煇??臍?A潺??汝О?狼銶痴?岺?翔桶揚作醱??讓蹂坰搢?遷保は?撲?醍?????轢???痒?吊?罔ぃЭ??連???轎??冷?督?,??,???欺?????,瞳???轢?除佇殮照?00?禱?500 000?禱???櫓,宮慨????轎杰????轎??角?寧湳?;谿湳,?轟鯉諒?轎???5???覲?冷狼???5?墩覲?杰?????????,凜槨????????督拮路,杰芚????愆?冷?督?。??,督角?轢??痒?齎?ブ罔さ???,?督狼尻???姆??鄲??,杰刊痰????埼冷?督??、??。??薑???角,譚黨??????????????寮蠟???轎??杰?????連?,劍??瀏??君慤茄廬宮侶寧??。“???唐痂?慤茄廬宮?鹿?君,???埼?呵???瞳?雷屢。劍??鬧轢????顆寧?譚角?????轢?隣?攣????。”?角,???諒???????????????連?,角?寧??賈轢?瞳懃??茄??????溝??蓚穉粒??瑯?焞??囹州?Ф??U譎榛と榮甲?皓勞小痴喀???紡???埼???淃?令?硫――“?埼?令”。ぅ

      
    ?、“?瞳?令”?昑醴?雷屢ぅ

      
    ??薑杰綱“?埼?令”(process benefits?process values),角寧繫????埼??酌羊簾痔?‰??梶?戟昭糊煇?鍍?陪??汭璪區?テ?∑傀逾?U宿玲陪??鹿?槨“?瞳??埼?令”。????杰??瀨????????????????埼??硫冷橄黨?令?硫,???薑侶?杰綱?“?埼?令”鞫?怜角?痰?????埼??蔗包筠???滂?萎?Ь菰?乎瓚?厦???坰畛譎櫻?1??け報蒐フ宿煉?坰誌陪??率?式叔煬溝?坰誌陪?先翼酵г博?役?杯寢琴?鄲??槨“?瞳?令”。瞳??薑??,侶硅?令????黨???埼?槻?,?怜角宮?黨?????唐??昑。儉??寧?:“????埼??????????裂??凜??係狼????侶寧??,???埼??埼(?瞳)?令裂??凜??係橙宅????轟?。”?喇裂,頓痰“?瞳?令”??硫????埼隣???珂,?鹿供??????????攣?昑,冷?????轎???連?,?怜伎?鬧???埼?諒????玆?涌贅M??А?樸靡陪??」匐絨?鄲??寧湳???黨????,???竟君黨?埼頓鱗??裂櫓,?劍???醴?菊????襪?R榛ひ?齎?筠??蕩勳傾悍脘さ???連?,宅???角???“?瞳?令”?狼????衢?橘忙?1?瑯?惠???塏????毆?寧蘆?埼價??寧蘆,?賈劍?矜狼谿湳?殮????瞳??珦孱戮昭蹊?沿а漢契??芻???豁???連?谿湳??轎??”。???黨侶蘆???埼???“?瞳?令”??硫。ぅ

      
    瞳??薑??,?“?瞳?令”藤?槨?????埼?棠寧淃?令?硫,?????寮屢杰???寧?????。凜槨轟?角???????角??????,????槨????瞳痂?攣????,?壇?朞嶝????離?姆????埼,??唐?狼槨?儉???令?藤???栗都?尻?。?角,???肝“?瞳?令”侶湳寧蘆????令?硫,??街侶寧?令?茄君宅?聯??攣?昑?唐谿湳?路狼昑,??槨??藤????殮???連?????唐?狼?。慤茄?句Ы???寧?丹??捉????埼????玲瞳?聯???攣?昑,???狼?聯“?瞳?令”?茄君;瀏?“?瞳?令”??藉斛式棟?統㎡測竄??鄲????狼昑。??,??冷冀??寧?瀏狂:??侶蘆?令??路狼,??劍?????角痂??槨痂?狼瞳?雍?股?紡???埼珂路柬侶蘆?令?硫?ぅ

      
    ??薑???角,“?瞳?令”??????瞳黨??轢?侶寧???埼??瞳??裂櫓。??綱?埼??寮屢???鬧黨慤茄廬宮??君??????轢?侶寧????,“?埼?令”??橙?鬧路轢?瞳懃??茄?侶?????溝?蓚贅R?菰??б?佇???埼???亮侶硅“?埼?令”?硫?契?雍?д筆舡湯?拍?爵耉高?蒐錟兵?檎想小層?蓚値??Ц湯??恍芬瘤???雷,???雷???,????瞳??????裂?溝??戟昭彗許驗?觀斛稠立6幣蠟Х???埼??淃狼羹??鹿?繫?攣???????菱契???銶峙┙碧U鬚楓П?瑯?邙?評???坰誌陪??作滂???г敏陪?匣?樸靡陪??蓆憧黴昭糊煇?鍍???鍍???Т塘?侵?????路?贅?坰誌陪???都然湄?作芳畢 U首焞?枯蓚痴槪斃舅作湃荷?戟蓚恥畛澁邈保綱?緊戍*?

      
    ?黨“?瞳?令”??????覩橙,??薑宅??薑???唐寧硅宮谿裂??宮?裂苟,??薑???裂?瞳黨,儉??寧淃“?瞳?令”覩橙??角????轢???狂痙,隣??????驕,??角獗?幹?湳???蹶?見??淃?令覩橙???昑。??,??薑??埼???昑柬槨憐???齡????,?槨宅???????降???宮?,??瞳????裂?溝?筆降蓚値??恍芬肋と塏?厦錟闢??朦旻誅?廂君叫??塏?東?烹?洑??灣フ筆盖溯???幸???蓚吹Э?鹿???慤????瓜昑?????,??轢??????;??慤??唐雷屢??宅?????齡鱗??,?鹿賈儉?瞳??雷黨???????苟?肝侶蘆??,谿珂冷賈?慤?????菱綠雷?、????????,??????近?嘉????緞捲,????諧??蔬澾貶?巒?棘樵??邈鈴シ?宙???肢鍍??傀六荇腥б?蔬?扈?許憲服稠立∑??迎坍知??巢?棘樵?坰漬?藍棧東?橙?契頓鱗,?賈?唐?昑?????????埼??者呱?戟昭壺芬洞惻層?盞?,儉??唐寧蘆?綱?????齡?箕????,???毒雷?肝????;???埼?珂???諧?戟昭好?鹿賈????錮?蓋?,?????樓瞳???珂???貸????鬧,侶?弄賈儉?毒雷?肝????,??。ぅ

      
    矜狼鬧雷?角,??薑瞳《?埼攣屢》寧蝎櫓棠藤??寧淃劤?“?瞳?令”;????????埼?斤?,?諒瞳???埼櫓竟君???攣屢。侶??賈?拳?寧????亶?酪刀:“攣屢??狼??茄君,??狼鹿????????駕茄君。”侶??“???攣屢”鞫??角寧“????攣屢”。??薑瞳?甘亶??固??埼覩橙――??鵑珂,鄧???諒??鵑??槨茄???鵑?????鵑?蘆,??槨?諒冷壇瞳???埼??雍?擒脘逃報戍H叡筆綱?蓚治昭彗??轢??檎森?致价瓠汝Р?檎三??瀜筆綱?觀乖??包筠Ⅷ?逆鍛Ⅵ?Ф?禁?報睡?檎薩勺挻溝?ヌ??須?V?杰鹿狼???雍???榛と塏?芹?寶錤菌??檎森???近な?株巢???戟昭暳??フ酵б?寶錤菌歐勺役?ヌ????株涑せ?槨茄???鵑。瞳侶蘆??苟,怜唐?寧????溝?ヌ?何塘督縞?Р?柄??漢極???君??鵑契槨。谿珂,??諒??鵑?潰??????諒?芻?韜???埼??玆??誇У??瀯昭ブ眉韜???橙??潾?,??芚????齡??拮???。攣凜槨??,????????埼?攣昑?斤????寧????溝??譎鶯б?┗?踏ひ?寂罔さ??樸靡陪??U叔?陪???根衙?а?V??,劍谿珂冷角?儉?淃?埼?令杰?鹿?瞳???裂寧。ぅ

      
    逞?,??薑??埼攣屢??????唐??劤??嵐:儉????埼??瞳???貫瞳?君慤茄廬宮???轢??區6匏し?醴??涓薯?凜?顧┗報睡?筠?鵲澯昭滎Ы?顧??????????????;谿珂,狼?懃??灸烹??勺挻區¤錟?壑灸烹??狂?絿蓚七?祈?骸?筆甲Ь告望戎米???埼??雍?橘小?苧暎傀濡????棧棹↙東??股????↗濫巢??樸靡陪??萎?5??д髓?陪??猿?┲岷≠?舅玆灣?哭?鄲????瓊苟茄君。侶湳,???埼?寧????蘿??槨寧??裂?君廬宮???轢???唐?鱗昑??駕:離?掘??????昑?轎??、??昑?轎???殮???,離?掘??茄君“?瞳?令”。侶蘆“?瞳?令”冷?角??薑??杰綱?“?埼攣屢。”ぅ

      
    愷、??固?埼覩橙?悧???聯

      
    瞳《?埼攣屢――?????》寧蝎櫓,??薑痰?????亶??固??埼覩橙?契??驕。侶硅?埼覩橙??轟?降、??桂?齪荇聖?昭??隙盞??近駕攣屢?愷淃。劍?唐珂???薑殮??槨“?埼攣屢覩橙”。劍??冀????狼???竟君瞳亶??繫??????離??牘???裂櫓,??冷?寧硅????匡??芻?行閣槪?ピ?鰕?區O??末揚者斛竝屬髓?祚?朴????坰畛譎釀?橙,?黨??寧蘆寧?昑??埼攣屢??鞫?角枷?路狼?。??,??薑瞳鹿???甘櫓冷????,侶硅?埼攣屢覩橙杰?鹿?瞳??嵐??竟角亶???駕???埼;???櫓唐?覩橙(?近駕攣屢覩橙)瞳?繫?鹿棍???匡???櫓???唐???刊痰昑。??薑???侶愷淃亶??埼攣屢覩橙??玆?б凉?齷賀??邂痔??土爭坰芝然識包僅腔撈幟斛竝韶突授Щ?喀??沇小層?坰誌陪?作醱Ф頓豁??壎?督包僅更望?陪?*?

      
    轟?降覩橙狼??????隣????轢??檎蔘致綱?瓠汝Р?檎狀???焞觀狂柄????殮?緞捲???唐???諒唐杰?鵑,?壇寧柬谿?,???祿。茄??句в?行?焞?譎櫻??撲?吊?橙杰竟君?冷?角??諒轟?降???踪2?酵бで蹉?檎裳層?偏鍍?俟ニ??催?????。廓寧?契?隣?角瞳??齡?櫓????離?掘???埼?橙,?瞳?雍???切???埼珂??侶硅?橙?狼?。??薑繫??驕?硅?鈴??諒??噓ニ??涌吹Т踏俟ニ??橙櫓?????淃路狼??埼?橙:寧角??諒??唐璃鹿緞捲?攣????樓???;?角??諒壇?瞳齡鱗??????櫓????菱寮昑;?角??諒??宅?慤諒??寧??契????。?櫓??淃?橙棠??鹿苟?竟狼?:??諒??肝宅杰狼隣????唐???溝??慤諒?莉廉??齡;??諒????宅?????ゲ?癬訃??闢в?鰐?塔窈?泥容唇槽翔?碧H??髓?坰芝然砥?ビ琴赫梶?檎薩3蘆僅??嗣??卦徵Ъ撮沒砥?畇鵲搾愎坪??鵲車??,茄君?埼?????,??唐燎黨郭??慤諒?芻?齷皓橘沫疥?途?檎鈒?我?治昭暳??科*?

      
    ??桂?齪荇巢??橙宅亶?“菱?攣屢”覩橙唐???諒?伎谿珂桂??慤諒崗??甘?狼?角寧鈴?。侶寧覩橙狼?,?硅宅????唐淪殮????溝??壇?唐??殮?蕨??諒瓊?聯???契?甘,?唐???????甘?聯??契?????。??薑?槨,侶寧覩橙?黨覲慤据蓋談槨路狼,凜槨覲慤据蓋????賈??????、菱譚?芻?餉愰昞???,賈?肝??槨句??????,凜??賈?慤諒?肝離????緞捲???。攣凜槨??,寧硅???堀???????獨槨????????攣?纘筠?荇腥??⊙開??剋必??坰知U區;宙?諱齪荇俗?橙杰??????橙唐:?????伎??;??諒?伎???祺醵?近?????;??諒?伎???豆?蕨?慤諒?列?据?????譚;?慤諒唐????可????燎;?慤諒壇唐??蕨??諒瓊?唐?黨菱??聯?,????黨菱??聯?隣???;??諒?黨菱?隣??????壇?齡鱗蝎???,??櫓談?狼潼??隣????????譚;離?,?慤諒壇?唐???瓊??駒森?荇聖*?

      
    ??薑?槨,?聯?慤諒??桂?齪荇騷琴赫黴?庫???埼??轎??。?聯?慤諒??桂?齪荇腥Ф憧珉?5??參衙伶片?妗叔葯万傀踰?筠??蕩勳庚??ノぶ罔さ?U叔??叔??橙?鹿?瞳?離????譚。瞳??薑??,?賈?宅??????轎??,劍冷?賈?慤諒?????????黨菱??聯??寮蠟???,??賈??吝拮肝?壇唐?吝路。?棍,?聯?慤諒??桂?捉?荇沼??鹿賈儉?????????????譚,?賈?轢????珂?????賈儺。ぅ

      
    瓊????譚??????淃覩橙?????蕁?,??黨???埼?攣昑?郭??喇,??角寧淃?槨路狼??埼?崍。?亮??薑?綱?,????諒瞳隣?????珂?瓊????譚,??杰館轟?降???桂?齪荇巢??橙??呵???瞳??令。杰館瓊????譚,角寧???杰弩??茄竟??溝?萎?煉さ??山??我?痴降睡?層?昭滎Ф幣弩蔗睡?檎橡な??巢?侵宿笭疏發1?瑯?鷗ぃ?昭??痔盞?侶寧覩橙?茄君,??瞳黨??諒瞳契賈菱譚???宅潾磵?硫裂??契葵?。儉鹿契漣?埼槨?,???諒菱譚?????屢?雷屢?契??驕。契賈菱譚???冷?角瞳??淃??櫓?契朞嶝???。??諒瞳契賈菱譚???珂???唐???硫??潾磵??,??芚????溝?乖髓棹∑???棹∑??渡?昑。凜?,逞?帽憧緡轢???契槨????喇,?硫????黨掘齡??諒?菱譚???角?槨路狼?。?角,??????硫角??瞳?,瞳?竟????櫓??唐?硫?禱????渡??景?,???鈴?硫????掘黨?朞嶝??蘆掘齡。狼賈??諒?菱譚???肝?刊??掘齡,??狼?儉?亮宮?????硫?契??鹿棍,?壇??賈儉?侶硅?硫?谿隣?????儉?譚寧???瓊???,談?角??硅肝????殮?緞捲?????????。ぅ

      
    ??諒槨痂?狼????瓊??譚????薑瓊??巧?????姦:寧角???岺??諒齡鱗????雷昑;?角??羸岺?轎???隣?;?角唐燎黨?????硫????固寧;愷角?慤諒?鹿列???諒槨痂?隣?侶湳???,鹿??駒庠?蛛?閨罔ぃ?痒??鹿賈?硅肝????緞捲??慤諒??弄?肝??。??,瓊????譚???????鈴????槻????,藤??埼?殮???。侶?矜狼瞳?埼?瞳?令宅殮???裂??契寧????。ぅ

      
    亶??固?埼攣屢覩橙?離?寧淃角近駕攣屢覩橙。侶寧覩橙宅瓊????譚覩橙寧?,??????諒菱譚????唐槻掘齡。侶寧覩橙???淃??狼?:寧鈴昑、潾琦邱??潾??橙。侶硅狼?玲瞳???硅肝??緞捲諒肝??????,劍?????????茄竟??隣???,??鹿?槨近駕?溝?譎諒で鏶R??豚?棧鍍?必?で徵?雅б痒???檎常濚壕ネа疋?曆?柬??繕??仙襪??Ь告望融惻齒а疋??治疏發2?????寢?某蔬??????庠昞??テ??都酵Ъ??宿濂?治昭彗??芹?滸昞??暳??議W鑄?邱?冷??唐寧鈴昑?狼?,??侶??寧鈴昑?角??寧景???慤淃?狼?,?角狼???諒?????革梶???莪?筆講唇齷琥脘げ?輜?哉в柒芹??畢♀腺Щ殄繕??в┟柬?腺У?曆?W鑄?邱??鹿藤???????渡?昑,瓊???齡鱗?槻?,?聯????????寧鈴昑。潾??橙狼???諒壇??慤邱忌???橙隣???。瞳隣?唐?????樓?????珂,??瞳???茄竟?硫狂痙?鞠勤宅??然址????檎上沽?鹿繫?潾?侶硅?橙??聯????渡?昑、槻????寧鈴昑。?棍,譚黨瞳寧??????樓??????櫓,??諒繫??角齡?、忌??橙??,凜?潾??橙?唐燎黨郭???慤邱忌????橙???。ぅ

      
    ??薑?槨,轟?角寧鈴昑、潾琦邱??角潾??橙?狼?,唐燎黨???埼?殮???,??黨??冒坰紙?鵲車??????????鞫?鱗痰;??邱?隣??????君?轎,?芻??巢??鵲車???藤?。??,近駕攣屢覩橙??郭??埼??昑、???昑??珂昑。侶角劍?鹿?瞳???。ぅ

      
    巧、刊痰?埼攣屢覩橙???掘齡

      
    ??薑??埼攣屢?????寧淃???杰?柬?棠?槨路狼???:?埼攣屢覩橙刊痰????掘??鍋狂痙。??,????離??牘瞳刊痰“攣????埼”覩橙珂,鞏鞏狼??劍瞳?硅??苟角??杰狼??,鹿?侶蘆狼????角痂?。?亶??牘瞳刊痰?繫??溝?焞?譎釀?橙珂,冷狼??侶寧覩橙刊痰黨痂???。侶鞫???,????狼??埼攣屢??淃覩橙刊痰黨杰唐??埼裂櫓。逞?朦朴契?涌勅??柬?坰畛譎葯??橙??角???狼?,?黨杰??骸?坰脂?譎洋涌厠∑?脘じ咆瓮???溝???1?瑯???覲小七?著柬?坰畛譎釀?橙????橙,?怜角繫??驕????離??牘?亶??牘杰隣?唐???,悧????淃緞捲?埼攣屢???刊痰??硫?覩橙,狼???瞳???寧??苟壇?刊痰?埼攣屢?狼?珂,?伎?侶硅?硫?覩橙?鹿履???。ぅ

      
    ?埼攣屢覩橙杰肝??寧淃??掘齡角,劍寧?怜刊痰黨漣??契槨,??刊痰黨???契槨。?喇裂,怜唐瞳漣?隣??轢??;遲瓠驛侈??『句С坰畛譎葯??橙?伎瞳??雷屢?溝??奏丹1?瑯?袖丁虐?????”??怜角宮?黨??????鱇???契賈契漣????,?角?寧寧??????莉廉。??薑?槨,??埼攣屢覩橙?刊痰掘齡瞳漣????契槨?句е桶び瑾燻値?役??凜。寧角凜槨??肝齡黨漣?角?菱毒?,?諒?鹿綱??唐???菱譚朞嶝?。侶??????宅漣???核???溝珂冷??唐菱毒昑。????譚角,漣?壇??槨杰唐?????,寧柬谿????儉?,??壇瞳??櫓?唐景喝??堂???。?????橙?鹿?貸菱???磎?逃??堂鹿景喝??亮。凜?,?????鵑??埼攣屢覩橙怜?角漣?瞳????珂壇?潾琦?狼?。離?,譚黨?埼攣屢?狼???????刊痰狼潾琦菱毒覩橙,凜?漣?跨??埼攣屢?契槨?????????岺,??????????埼攣屢覩橙??壇唐?吝路。??,?埼攣屢?覩橙???杰唐?漣?契槨?刊痰。?寧??寧漣?契槨刊痰侶寧覩橙,漣??壇瞳?隣?唐???????櫓??侶硅覩橙?狼?;肝????緞捲??????埼?溝??譎諒??鹿繫?契漣???諒?牘璣????溝???*?

      
    刊痰?埼攣屢覩橙???淃?硫角唐?????角???劾毒致槪?役??皓?議Nち皆?筒叔?奸授П?瑯?讀?囹????????契???:?硅唐??????老岺?樓????橄黨?慤諒湛陶???價???,轟?侶蘆??角?隣?,?慤諒????????????怜?角???芻?璜膝?評??橘襪朴窩瓠繹枯秀燻?5?侈?搢尖湄??相???蔬莪仟?侈a?豁??俗梔撻??森??汝Ъ??宿羚侈??禁惻吹У??狀??蔬?Κ??R?嘶匍淘в胤朴窩瓠繹枯秀燻?5?侈?汐?г悶?┯?:哭倆?瓠役?侈??蕩勳擎橘小?坰畛譎葯?で紮鍍?榥ぶ罔ぁU隧?榛ぃЦ?5??┷痼瓠役?倆?鍍??渗匍陶???東???豁?所鍍??森?瓠然爾??????,??寧??寧??弩??????(???覲?),?諒?老岺??樓(??????可獵撚栗?),???????凜?肝?句?????芻??鼎Ф斃朴窩瓠譯識秀燻?5?侈???搔廢觀洸絳坪?滂屍祉湺烏5ナ?С坰畛譎葯?で蹉??偏途?珤柬?朴橘襪朴窩瓠譯識秀燻?5?侈?鬼T旼??ふ??杰??、唐??樓?亮??轢覩橙?契?????,??角竿貸?樓???,冷壇??亮?埼攣屢?狼???埼?契?雍?*?

      
    刊痰?埼攣屢覩橙矜狼??????凜羹角???埼杰?轢??瓠役?罔ば棹R?嘶匍淘?屛坰識昭皓?理?瓠然?罔ぃ?廈??連???轎??冷?督?,瞳???埼??雍?菫悍脘ね?逾??鄲??冷?壇?宮壇?藤?,凜?,?黨?轢?瓠挻椎〉?坰砥∑?脘ぐ?瀾坰畛譎葯?で澯包筋雍?1?瑯?鷗ぃг閔朴窩瓠譯識秀燻?5?『龜???坰識昭暳?鵲刹畢坪??????,?伎??唐???角??賈?慤諒??樓?????郭?,?橙??????唐?狼連?。?棍,瞳寧硅??鬧路?、堂縷、宮?吝路?????令??攣駕???苟(??磎裂櫓??堂裂?),????銶柬?坰畛譎葯?で齪逍Ⅱ?坰畛譎釀?橙??玆?珀??

      
    瞳???堵刊痰?埼攣屢覩橙矜狼????愷淃狼羹角杰狼隣???????昑醴狂痙。??薑鹿寧?努欺牘欺?爀知??鷸旼????棘?猪?蔽篠槽廂溝???槨?,?驕?????離??牘瞳??瀨??欺?爀??棘?保┻??撻??寸盡??奸隧??柬?壎????埼覩橙???。儉?槨,???寧???昑醴?轢?柬??寸盡???滂?萎??Х????壇瓊?????寧????硫,?逞?狼??埼潾琦?硅瞳淚撚?堵繫?刊痰?????硫。侶湳,???埼????壇?唐???菱譚??岱?。??薑?鹿?寧???寮???燎癎???槨?,綱??埼攣屢瞳?寧??苟杰肝?掘齡;???寧慤淃????硫槨??諒?寮??????珂,侶蘆???埼???瞳???堵刊痰?埼攣屢?狼?。侶湳,契漣寮?隣???????燎癎??????潾磵?埼攣屢?狼?,肝??緞捲諒轟?璣????溝???*?

      
    ??薑瓊??緞捲?埼攣屢刊痰?離?寧淃狼羹,?角角?唐?競?????嘉。?竟?喇,瞳?硅?獨昑?葵?瞼↙東??饗??近さ?『句У??常濚瑚?綢齷惠坰知施?鹿??菱綠??樓,?埼攣屢?覩橙???瞳?埼?雍?劇塘乭羊煉@煇髥д???逃莉廉槨??????逃??樓,瞳漣????寧?逃斂蛟珂,?鹿瞳瀝??慤諒谿雷???苟寮???寧硅?埼昑??,鹿????慤諒?槨路狼??樓,????斂????。?芻?拍倞?纘橘勳擎叫П?捐開??鹿???????可?燎、?菱聯?鯉、????擦?纘筠?旼湄?坰津焞?滎Щ?【泥移募覃篠槽傘5??У??祥緡銶置涌勅?道坰津焞?暳??該望胤?東?↙憧???肝???。??,侶蘆???伎唐燎黨?慤諒??????樓,?????埼昑???賈?刊痰?埼攣屢覩橙?????轟?茄君。ぅ

      
    ?、??ぅ

      
    ??薑瞳????桔???????句Х??七?櫓??舫國鍍?坰畛譎揚作發1?瑯??坰畛譎揚作昉?蚩轢?坰畛譎凉陪??棟伽‰??棹∮萎??作芳畢。Ф幣虜轢?鰐柬???枯靈瀕?娩璨筐戍>錮棘??嘶?匍淘?湖轢?喀??遐庠???鹿??君???杰唐唐????埼?令???、欺綱???。儉?《?埼攣屢》寧蝎,供??鹿??隣寧??埼?令狂痙?“???蝎”。??薑繫??亶??牘???、?匡???????獨櫓唐??埼昑狂痙?悧?,????愷淃刊痰黨亶???駕???埼??埼攣屢覩橙,??侶愷淃?固?埼覩橙??竟狼???橙?契?玖鈴??驕。?櫓?寧硅????瞳?繫?鹿棍?????櫓??唐???刊痰昑,?侶硅都黨亶??繫???埼攣屢覩橙??????瞳決乞???埼?堵?攣屢狂痙??杰???????,?櫓??朦?橙?狼?冷磊???唐淪?谿??匡?????瀯巢?錟碧M?逅?瑯??岵者斛竝腥?塏?憧????櫓竟君?“??許行??坰畛譎諒で撰?芽然湄?畢』騷龜紈唐卦捉?銶?1?瑯?米??坰畛譎揚作紡?燃舫舊疆?歿?森?滂嵩6憧楣坰芝?翔桶揚作醱?暎???????驕????怪????????,儉?????????諒???檄?,?角瞳?驕??掘昑??瓊苟,?芚昑???櫓?????俱澗?菱????竟溝裂櫓。??黨??薑??瓊??“?埼?令”??,儉冷?唐?固??刻連??諒銅?,?角瓊??菱??????,?貸鹿???嵐??姐?。?鹿綱,攣角繫???薑???,?各?櫓?鹿?亶?欺諒瓊???蘆?埼?令???寧?鹿宮?????均?近駕?君黨谿寧??竟溝裂苟。?瞳?鹿?,侶硅???欺綱???橙角鹿“覺???”?檄覺?瞳黨?欺?堵裂櫓。??薑鹿?桔???蕨?????,???獵黨寧????怜角瞳?寧??狗?怜畛商陪?坑堧粒Ф閉位ッ?閨罔づ?瘦朝絳潭潺??Ы??包筠?陪???У???芻???冷????“彊??宮?”,?供??鹿宮?????。??欺?????埼?令桔???,茄瞳矜狼??谿??????????契???“??”。

      
    ??,冷攣角譚黨??薑???唐?槨?鞫?履?昑景瀝,儉???鞏鞏?唐???????鋼拳???。瞳???????、??????鹿?“?埼?令”???契“履?”???櫓,??薑????埼???殮??貫黨?銶致匈聆作滂?善但Ф萍?菌棟苧獰??槻樓宅????、????宅?埼攣屢?令、????宅?埼攣屢?令鹿逞?君慤茄廬宮宅??轢?裂????固寧?溝?契?苧逾?鈴發S?鰐?密寒??坰誌陪??祉坰畛譎揚?都然湄?必?奸隋句П?瑯??撈治君???薑(J.R.Lucas )、??(R.A.Duff)]??錦???桔??喇,????狼????錚?J??句Ы治治コ坰畛譎凉陪??畢《??密寒??蓚侵筆匣?銶????R榛ふ煇映?瑯??皆虐???楓Ъ???欒?フ壎?坰識包菫廂句?濚胡惻痴個楮邈鈴シ????????,??轢?冷??角供??唐??。?埼攣屢?廬攣?令??瞳黨????諒??吝拮???寮竟?貫?吝路。攣角譚黨侶寧?,???埼?攣屢??錮茄竟?諒????達??貫??唐????令?雷屢。??黨侶蘆豆綠瞳????錦????甘櫓?????姦???,??薑???唐?崎?嵐,??瞳?????昑?鞠菫疋?匣*?

      
    ??薑??????履??蕨?賈???路狼???狂痙??????。?幹悧???愷淃?固??埼覩橙角慤??角?埼攣屢???覩橙???角??,劍?宅??瓊??瀨??宅、??、??、??、?珂??埼?攣??令??裂???唐??溝?瞳侶硅????埼攣屢?硫?覩橙櫓,?硅橄黨????埼?攣??,?硅棠橄黨痰鹿?崍?埼?攣茄君????????綱?????殮???、?轎???悧?矜狼瞳???埼??雍?劇撮姆?諍固繭?D???????殮???裂???句????敲??唐轟?????????????穆焞?蕭齊┳坰織樸靡陪???練???ち絳顫??虜諍孤?坰芝フ逅萎?Ь??槻樓宅?埼?攣?葵??掘壇??瞳痂????談?角,??鹿?槨?埼?令??離槨?懃?茄君茄竟攣屢宅郭??埼?攣裂??????敲唐轟葵?????侶硅?黨??寧?昑??埼攣屢??逞槨????痙,鄧鹿瞳??薑 、?錦、?????櫓瓊??,?瞳??薑??聯櫓??肝????。ぅ

      
    ?棍,??薑???寧?昑????刊痰昑,???唐??諒杰綱???膽?,?冷瞳寧????龜思?价作紡撈層?錚?R榛け?瑯?虐??統簾坰璡薇?謚筐?逑?貯知鼎г靡陪??排菊?洞勻鐥粒?儺謹位ネ???萎?T愍作排鞫???塹?屍???刊昑,?督???“?齎??ⅰ??奸戍<謨映?瑯?テ嶽作紡撈層?擔?仝℉筒滎Ъ?櫓黨瀨????埼、???埼?契漣?埼??唐?謹“???埼”景瀝??埼近檄,????硅??唐?謹“??”景瀝??埼????驕、???柬柰,?冀儉??君?????,?????唐??昑????。

      
      

      
                        
                                               
                                          
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