私权的分析与建构：摘要

　　中国政法大学博士学位论文摘要
    论文题目：私权的分析与建构
    专业：民法学
    作者：王涌
    年级：1996
    导师：江平 教授
    本文运用分析法学的方法对民法上核心概念私权作了系统研究。全文共分三编，第一编为“私权分析之方法”，第二编为“私权的类型分析”，第三编为“私权的法律建构”，三编计七章，前设导论“分析法学与民法方法论”，后设结语“分析法学与中国民法典”。
    导论“分析法学与民法方法论”界定了“中国民法学”之含义，主张区分民俗民法学与分析民法学，论述了作为民法方法论的分析法学之源流及其精神。
    第一章“私权的概念”考察了权利概念的语源及其意义，回顾了私法与公法划分的种种理论，主张在市民社会与政治国家二元化的社会结构中，主体形式论应是私法与公法划分的基本标准。
    第二章“霍菲尔德的权利分析理论”系统介绍了霍菲尔德的权利分析理论。
    第三章“私权的结构”在霍菲尔德的权利分析理论的基础上，建立了一个关于私权的一般分析模式，论述了人、行为、物在私权结构中的位置，并将霍菲尔德的权利分析理论与德国民法学的权利形式理论作了初步比较。
    第四章“私权的类型分析：以所有权及其相关概念为例”，运用第一编所建立的分析方法，比较了不同法系传统中的所有权概念，分析了所有权概念所指向的若干可能的法律关系，并特别强调所有权概念还指向一种权利推理的规则。此外，还分析了他物权与财产权概念，主张对财产权的认识应当完成“从物到无物”、从“绝对权利到相对权利”、“从私法上的权利到公法上的权利”三个转变。
    第五章“私权的设定”论述了民法上私权建构的一般法律技术，即法律概念论与法律规范论，区分了规则与原则这两个基本的法律规范形式，考察了它们在私权设定中的不同功能。此外，还论述了宪法与行政法在私法关系上的效力问题。
    第六章“私权的冲突”辨析了法条竟合、权利并存与权利冲突等基本概念，区分法律上的冲突与事实上的冲突这两种不同的权利冲突形式，论述了私权在法律上冲突的一般推理规则，分析了私权与公权冲突的形态，强调宪法在解决私权与公权冲突中的重要意义。
    第七章“私权的救济”从法律关系的角度对救济权概念作了一般定义，分析了救济权的四种基本形式及其与诉讼形式的关联，分析了侵权行为法的内在逻辑，强调了民法责任的财产性质及其合理性。
    结语“分析法学与中国民法典”认为法典编纂与分析实证主义的兴起是中国民法发展的趋向，并指出中国民法典的编纂面临的三个重要问题是融合不同法系之传统、吸收中国本土习惯法、解决社会新问题，以及分析法学在其中可能发挥的方法论的作用。
    ABSTRACT
    This dissertation is an introduction to a general study of private right, and the approach to the subject adopted here is labelled Analytical Jurisprudence.
    Chapter I reviews the history of the word 'right' and its antecedent in the classical language of European culture, viz. 'jus', and tries to give a satisfactory definition of private right on the basis of a critical examination of previous theories related to the distinction between private right and public right.
    Chapter II is given to the discussion of Hohfeld's classic on fundamental legal conceptions. Hohfeld, a American jurist, building on earlier juristic work, published an analysis of rights which , thought poorly understood by many of its exponents, satisfactorily accommodates a wide range of lawyers' uses of the term ' a right' and its cognates. Though his writings are more than 80 years old ,the influence he continues to have over those interested in the theory of rights justifies his place in this dissertation.
    Chapter III focuses on the construction of a comprehensive conceptual framework to be applied to the analysis of private right in the context of civil law. The methodological discourse and terminologies discussed in this part forms the core of this thesis.
    Ownership is one of the key institutions of human society, and also the most important conception in the theory of Civil Law. Chapter IV makes a comparative study of the different concepts of ownership in the different legal traditions of Roman Law and Common Law, and makes a analysis of its common feature transcending particular systems by the comprehensive conceptual framework developed in Chapter III. The concept of ius in res aliena and property is also discussed in this chapter.
    Chapter V presents a general theory of legal norms from the point of civil law, which as an fundamental technique in the construction of the sense of private right. Rule and Principal is regarded as the two models of legal norm. In this part, the constitutionalization of private law is also the important subject explored.
    Chapter VI make a deep insight into the logical structures of the conflict between the private rights, and between the private right and the public right, and stresses the important of that all judicial rulings be found on rational argumentation.
    Chapter VII systemizes the theories of remedy , and demonstrates the inner logic of the law of torts.
    This dissertation expresses the hope that the compilation of China Civil Code make a integration of the two contrasted legal traditions of Continent Law and Common Law by the conceptual aid of Analytic Jurisprudence.
    This doctoral thesis will be submitted at China University of Politic Science and Law for J.S.D. 民法总则